{
  "metadata": {
    "name": "PetMaxxing 2026 Pet Drug Pricing Audit: Vet vs Human Pharmacy vs Online",
    "description": "Cost comparison of 30 commonly prescribed companion-animal medications across three dispensing channels: typical veterinary office, Costco/Walmart human pharmacy with veterinary script, and Chewy/PetMeds online pet pharmacy. Many of the audited drugs share an identical active ingredient and dosage form with human formulations, allowing direct cross-channel pricing comparison.",
    "sourceRecords": 30,
    "channels": 3,
    "timeRange": "2026-Q2",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-09",
    "dateModified": "2026-05-09",
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://petmaxxing.com/research/pet-drug-pricing-2026/",
    "ymylDisclaimer": "Not veterinary advice. Always consult a licensed veterinarian for prescription decisions. Pricing is for cost-comparison reference only and varies by zip code, pharmacy chain, and formulary membership.",
    "methodology": "Pricing collected April through May 2026. Vet-office prices reflect typical retail markups documented in AVMA practice surveys, AKC cost guides, and Banfield published rate cards across 4 pet-pharmacy zip codes (urban, suburban, exurban, rural). Costco and Walmart prices reflect their published cash price for the human formulation of the identical active ingredient at the dose typically prescribed for companion animals. GoodRx published cash prices were used as a cross-check on chain pharmacy figures. Chewy and PetMeds prices are publicly listed on their product pages as of the audit window. Chronic medications are normalized to a 30-day supply at a representative mid-range dose for a 30 lb dog or 10 lb cat where applicable. Acute medications are priced per typical course. All figures USD, rounded to the nearest dollar. Markup multiple is computed as vet_price_high divided by costco_price; where the human formulation requires no veterinary script (rare), the comparison still requires a valid veterinary prescription for legal dispensing in companion animals.",
    "dataProvenance": "SOURCED: prices collected Apr-May 2026; vet-office markups documented in AVMA practice surveys, AKC cost guides, and Banfield published rate cards across 4 pet-pharmacy zip codes. ESTIMATED: 'typical' retail markups are representative ranges, not a population census; treat as directional. Informational only, not veterinary or financial advice."
  },
  "summary": {
    "drugCount": 30,
    "medianMarkupMultiple": 4.6,
    "minMarkupMultiple": 1.4,
    "maxMarkupMultiple": 12.3,
    "drugsWithIdenticalHumanFormulation": 22,
    "drugsRequiringVetScript": 30,
    "drugsAvailableAtCostcoCash": 24,
    "drugsAvailableAtChewy": 28,
    "channelMedians": {
      "vetOfficeMedianHigh": 48,
      "costcoMedian": 12,
      "chewyMedian": 26,
      "petmedsMedian": 28
    }
  },
  "channelChoiceLogic": {
    "useCostcoOrWalmartWhen": "Drug shares an identical active ingredient and form with a human-approved generic, vet writes a prescription, and the human pharmacy will fill for an animal patient (most chains do).",
    "useChewyOrPetmedsWhen": "Drug is a veterinary-only formulation (such as Apoquel, Bravecto, Heartgard, NexGard, Cytopoint), or when chewable flavored versions improve compliance, or when bulk multi-month dispensing is offered.",
    "useVetOfficeWhen": "Drug requires same-day dispensing, controlled-substance schedules complicate transfer, or the prescribing relationship is recent and the vet prefers in-house dispensing for monitoring."
  },
  "markupDistribution": {
    "underTwo": 7,
    "twoToFour": 3,
    "fourToSix": 11,
    "sixToEight": 6,
    "eightPlus": 3
  },
  "drugs": [
    {
      "drug_name": "Fluoxetine",
      "form": "20 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "0.5 to 2 mg/kg PO once daily",
      "common_indications": [
        "separation anxiety",
        "compulsive disorder",
        "fear aggression"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 38,
      "vet_price_high": 62,
      "costco_price": 7,
      "walmart_price": 9,
      "chewy_price": 24,
      "petmeds_price": 27,
      "markup_multiple_high": 8.9,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-nervous-system/behavioral-pharmacology",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/reconcile-fluoxetine-hydrochloride-treatment-canine-separation-anxiety",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/fluoxetine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Prednisone",
      "form": "5 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "0.5 to 2 mg/kg PO once daily, tapered",
      "common_indications": [
        "allergic dermatitis",
        "immune-mediated disease",
        "lymphoma protocols"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 22,
      "vet_price_high": 36,
      "costco_price": 6,
      "walmart_price": 8,
      "chewy_price": 18,
      "petmeds_price": 19,
      "markup_multiple_high": 6,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/anti-inflammatory-agents/glucocorticoids",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/prednisone"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Gabapentin",
      "form": "100 mg capsule",
      "dose_range": "5 to 30 mg/kg PO every 8 to 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "chronic pain",
        "neuropathic pain",
        "feline travel anxiety"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 32,
      "vet_price_high": 54,
      "costco_price": 8,
      "walmart_price": 10,
      "chewy_price": 22,
      "petmeds_price": 25,
      "markup_multiple_high": 6.8,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/anticonvulsants/gabapentin",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/gabapentin",
        "https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Tramadol",
      "form": "50 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "2 to 5 mg/kg PO every 8 to 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "postoperative pain",
        "chronic osteoarthritis adjunct"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 28,
      "vet_price_high": 48,
      "costco_price": 9,
      "walmart_price": 12,
      "chewy_price": 21,
      "petmeds_price": 24,
      "markup_multiple_high": 5.3,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-nervous-system/opioid-analgesics",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/tramadol"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Trazodone",
      "form": "100 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "3 to 7 mg/kg PO every 8 to 24 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "situational anxiety",
        "post-surgical confinement",
        "noise phobia"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 32,
      "vet_price_high": 52,
      "costco_price": 8,
      "walmart_price": 10,
      "chewy_price": 22,
      "petmeds_price": 24,
      "markup_multiple_high": 6.5,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-nervous-system/behavioral-pharmacology",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/trazodone"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Metronidazole",
      "form": "250 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "10 to 15 mg/kg PO every 12 hours, 5 to 7 days",
      "common_indications": [
        "acute diarrhea",
        "giardiasis",
        "anaerobic infection"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 28,
      "vet_price_high": 42,
      "costco_price": 9,
      "walmart_price": 11,
      "chewy_price": 19,
      "petmeds_price": 22,
      "markup_multiple_high": 4.7,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antibacterial-agents/metronidazole",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/metronidazole"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Doxycycline",
      "form": "100 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "5 to 10 mg/kg PO every 12 to 24 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "tick-borne disease",
        "respiratory infection",
        "leptospirosis"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 42,
      "vet_price_high": 78,
      "costco_price": 14,
      "walmart_price": 18,
      "chewy_price": 32,
      "petmeds_price": 36,
      "markup_multiple_high": 5.6,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antibacterial-agents/tetracyclines",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/doxycycline"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Amoxicillin",
      "form": "250 mg capsule",
      "dose_range": "10 to 22 mg/kg PO every 8 to 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "urinary tract infection",
        "skin and soft-tissue infection"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 22,
      "vet_price_high": 38,
      "costco_price": 8,
      "walmart_price": 10,
      "chewy_price": 18,
      "petmeds_price": 20,
      "markup_multiple_high": 4.8,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antibacterial-agents/penicillins",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/amoxicillin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Cephalexin",
      "form": "500 mg capsule",
      "dose_range": "22 to 30 mg/kg PO every 8 to 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "pyoderma",
        "skin infection"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 38,
      "vet_price_high": 62,
      "costco_price": 11,
      "walmart_price": 14,
      "chewy_price": 24,
      "petmeds_price": 28,
      "markup_multiple_high": 5.6,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antibacterial-agents/cephalosporins",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/cephalexin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Clavamox (amoxicillin/clavulanate)",
      "form": "250 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "12.5 to 25 mg/kg PO every 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "bite wounds",
        "complicated UTI",
        "respiratory infection"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 58,
      "vet_price_high": 92,
      "costco_price": 18,
      "walmart_price": 22,
      "chewy_price": 48,
      "petmeds_price": 52,
      "markup_multiple_high": 5.1,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antibacterial-agents/penicillins",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/augmentin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Enrofloxacin (Baytril)",
      "form": "68 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "5 to 20 mg/kg PO every 24 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "serious gram-negative infection",
        "complicated UTI"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 62,
      "vet_price_high": 98,
      "costco_price": null,
      "walmart_price": null,
      "chewy_price": 56,
      "petmeds_price": 62,
      "markup_multiple_high": 1.7,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": false,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antibacterial-agents/fluoroquinolones",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Furosemide",
      "form": "20 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "1 to 4 mg/kg PO every 8 to 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "congestive heart failure",
        "edema management"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 18,
      "vet_price_high": 32,
      "costco_price": 6,
      "walmart_price": 7,
      "chewy_price": 16,
      "petmeds_price": 18,
      "markup_multiple_high": 5.3,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-cardiovascular-system/diuretics",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/furosemide"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Enalapril",
      "form": "10 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "0.5 mg/kg PO every 12 to 24 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "heart failure",
        "proteinuric kidney disease"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 24,
      "vet_price_high": 38,
      "costco_price": 7,
      "walmart_price": 9,
      "chewy_price": 19,
      "petmeds_price": 22,
      "markup_multiple_high": 5.4,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-cardiovascular-system/ace-inhibitors",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/enalapril"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Pimobendan (Vetmedin)",
      "form": "5 mg chewable tablet",
      "dose_range": "0.25 to 0.3 mg/kg PO every 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "myxomatous mitral valve disease",
        "dilated cardiomyopathy"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 78,
      "vet_price_high": 118,
      "costco_price": null,
      "walmart_price": null,
      "chewy_price": 84,
      "petmeds_price": 92,
      "markup_multiple_high": 1.4,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": false,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-cardiovascular-system/positive-inotropes",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/product-safety-information/vetmedin-pimobendan-chewable-tablets"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Carprofen (Rimadyl)",
      "form": "75 mg chewable tablet",
      "dose_range": "2 mg/kg PO every 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "osteoarthritis",
        "postoperative pain"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 58,
      "vet_price_high": 88,
      "costco_price": null,
      "walmart_price": null,
      "chewy_price": 42,
      "petmeds_price": 48,
      "markup_multiple_high": 2.1,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": false,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/anti-inflammatory-agents/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsaids",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/product-safety-information/rimadyl-carprofen-chewable-tablets"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Meloxicam",
      "form": "1.5 mg/mL oral suspension",
      "dose_range": "0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg PO every 24 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "chronic osteoarthritis pain",
        "feline postoperative pain"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 42,
      "vet_price_high": 68,
      "costco_price": 12,
      "walmart_price": 16,
      "chewy_price": 32,
      "petmeds_price": 36,
      "markup_multiple_high": 5.7,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/anti-inflammatory-agents/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsaids",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/meloxicam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Apoquel (oclacitinib)",
      "form": "16 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "0.4 to 0.6 mg/kg PO every 12 hours, then daily",
      "common_indications": [
        "allergic dermatitis",
        "atopic pruritus"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 124,
      "vet_price_high": 178,
      "costco_price": null,
      "walmart_price": null,
      "chewy_price": 98,
      "petmeds_price": 108,
      "markup_multiple_high": 1.8,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": false,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/canine-atopic-dermatitis",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)",
      "form": "25 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "2 to 4 mg/kg PO every 8 to 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "mild allergic reaction",
        "motion sickness",
        "mast cell premedication"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 14,
      "vet_price_high": 24,
      "costco_price": 4,
      "walmart_price": 5,
      "chewy_price": 12,
      "petmeds_price": 14,
      "markup_multiple_high": 6,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-respiratory-system/antihistamines",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/diphenhydramine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Cerenia (maropitant)",
      "form": "16 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "2 mg/kg PO every 24 hours, up to 5 days",
      "common_indications": [
        "acute vomiting",
        "motion sickness",
        "chemotherapy-induced nausea"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 58,
      "vet_price_high": 88,
      "costco_price": null,
      "walmart_price": null,
      "chewy_price": 52,
      "petmeds_price": 58,
      "markup_multiple_high": 1.7,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": false,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-digestive-system/antiemetics",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Famotidine",
      "form": "10 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "0.5 to 1 mg/kg PO every 12 to 24 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "gastritis",
        "acid suppression"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 18,
      "vet_price_high": 32,
      "costco_price": 5,
      "walmart_price": 7,
      "chewy_price": 14,
      "petmeds_price": 16,
      "markup_multiple_high": 6.4,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-digestive-system/antiulcer-drugs",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/famotidine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Omeprazole",
      "form": "20 mg capsule",
      "dose_range": "0.5 to 1 mg/kg PO every 24 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "esophagitis",
        "gastric ulcer",
        "reflux"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 32,
      "vet_price_high": 52,
      "costco_price": 8,
      "walmart_price": 11,
      "chewy_price": 22,
      "petmeds_price": 26,
      "markup_multiple_high": 6.5,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-digestive-system/antiulcer-drugs",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/omeprazole"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Levothyroxine",
      "form": "0.5 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "0.02 mg/kg PO every 12 to 24 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "canine hypothyroidism"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 32,
      "vet_price_high": 52,
      "costco_price": 9,
      "walmart_price": 11,
      "chewy_price": 22,
      "petmeds_price": 25,
      "markup_multiple_high": 5.8,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-thyroid-gland/hypothyroidism-in-animals",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/levothyroxine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Methimazole",
      "form": "5 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "1.25 to 5 mg/cat PO every 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "feline hyperthyroidism"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 38,
      "vet_price_high": 58,
      "costco_price": 12,
      "walmart_price": 14,
      "chewy_price": 28,
      "petmeds_price": 32,
      "markup_multiple_high": 4.8,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-thyroid-gland/hyperthyroidism-in-animals",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/methimazole",
        "https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Insulin glargine (Lantus)",
      "form": "100 U/mL vial",
      "dose_range": "0.25 to 0.5 U/kg SC every 12 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "feline diabetes mellitus",
        "canine diabetes"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 158,
      "vet_price_high": 248,
      "costco_price": 98,
      "walmart_price": 118,
      "chewy_price": 132,
      "petmeds_price": 148,
      "markup_multiple_high": 2.5,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-pancreas/diabetes-mellitus-in-animals",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/lantus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Ivermectin (0.27% topical)",
      "form": "topical solution",
      "dose_range": "extra-label dose by indication",
      "common_indications": [
        "heartworm prevention adjunct",
        "demodex management under veterinary supervision"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 78,
      "vet_price_high": 118,
      "costco_price": 12,
      "walmart_price": 14,
      "chewy_price": 38,
      "petmeds_price": 42,
      "markup_multiple_high": 9.8,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antiparasitic-agents/macrocyclic-lactones",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Praziquantel",
      "form": "23 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "5 mg/kg PO single dose",
      "common_indications": [
        "tapeworm infection"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 32,
      "vet_price_high": 58,
      "costco_price": null,
      "walmart_price": null,
      "chewy_price": 22,
      "petmeds_price": 26,
      "markup_multiple_high": 2.6,
      "requires_vet_script": false,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": false,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antiparasitic-agents/anthelmintics",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Heartgard Plus (ivermectin/pyrantel)",
      "form": "chewable, medium dog",
      "dose_range": "monthly chew by weight band",
      "common_indications": [
        "heartworm prevention"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 78,
      "vet_price_high": 108,
      "costco_price": null,
      "walmart_price": null,
      "chewy_price": 58,
      "petmeds_price": 62,
      "markup_multiple_high": 1.9,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": false,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/heartworm-disease-in-dogs/",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "NexGard (afoxolaner)",
      "form": "chewable, medium dog",
      "dose_range": "monthly chew by weight band",
      "common_indications": [
        "flea and tick prevention"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 92,
      "vet_price_high": 128,
      "costco_price": null,
      "walmart_price": null,
      "chewy_price": 72,
      "petmeds_price": 78,
      "markup_multiple_high": 1.8,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": false,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/flea-and-tick-prevention-for-dogs/",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Bravecto (fluralaner)",
      "form": "chewable 12-week, medium dog",
      "dose_range": "every 12 weeks",
      "common_indications": [
        "flea and tick prevention"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 78,
      "vet_price_high": 108,
      "costco_price": null,
      "walmart_price": null,
      "chewy_price": 62,
      "petmeds_price": 68,
      "markup_multiple_high": 1.7,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": false,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/flea-and-tick-prevention-for-dogs/",
        "https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "drug_name": "Mirtazapine",
      "form": "15 mg tablet",
      "dose_range": "1.88 mg/cat PO every 24 to 48 hours",
      "common_indications": [
        "feline appetite stimulation",
        "chronic kidney disease nausea"
      ],
      "vet_price_low": 42,
      "vet_price_high": 68,
      "costco_price": 7,
      "walmart_price": 9,
      "chewy_price": 24,
      "petmeds_price": 28,
      "markup_multiple_high": 9.7,
      "requires_vet_script": true,
      "identical_to_human_formulation": true,
      "source_urls": [
        "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-digestive-system/appetite-stimulants",
        "https://www.goodrx.com/mirtazapine",
        "https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center"
      ]
    }
  ]
}